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Did the United States win or lose the Vietnam War? In 1965, the United States officially entered the war in response to North Vietnam's attack on a U.S. military ship. We are taught that it was a resounding loss for America, one that proves that intervening in the affairs of other nations is usually misguided. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2013. Until 1968, most American GIs in Vietnam still rationalized that the war had some good purpose. The Vietnamese civil war began in 1959. Others argue the United States did not lose the war because all U.S. combat forces had departed South Vietnam by the beginning of 1973, more than two years before the final North Vietnamese victory. By that time the communists and South Vietnamese were already engaged in what journalists labeled the “postwar war.” Both sides alleged, more or less accurately, that the other side was continuously violating the terms of the peace agreements. The Communists in North Vietnam actually signed a peace treaty, effectively surrendering. Triumph Revisited: Historians Battle for the Vietnam War. North Vietnam left behind in South Vietnam 8,000 to 10,000 covert civilian and military personnel, most of them members of the communist party. In 1949, France tried to set up the state of Vietnam and chose Saigon as the capital. His forces took over the city of Hanoi and declared it the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. : 184 The task of the "stay-behinds" was political activism to ensure a victory for Ho Chi Minh in the national elections called for in 1956 in the Geneva Accords. After World War II Japan withdrew from Vietnam, giving Ho Chi Minh the opportunity to take control. Vietnam War - Vietnam War - The fall of South Vietnam: On March 29, 1973, the last U.S. military unit left Vietnam. In 1975, two years after the last American troops left Vietnam, United States about 2,700,000 men and women from this country fought in the war about 58,000 died. The U.S. never had a strategy to “win” the Vietnam War. Nguyen, Lien-Hang T. Hanoi’s War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam. After the end of the Vietnam War, it was widely accepted that the United States had left many POWs behind, but high-ranking members of government said no, despite the evidence. The truth is that our military won the war, but our politicians lost it. But when they returned to the U.S. after the regular one-year tour of duty, they inclined to turn against the war, in part because they could now think about it without the psychological trauma of admitting they were facing death for no good reason, and in part because by 1968 the antiwar … By R. Cort Kirkwood The United States supported the South, while China and Russia supported the North. 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